Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that exfoliates the skin. This 5% formulation offers very gentle exfoliation and is supported by purified Tasmanian pepper known to reduce the signs of inflammation and sensitivity often associated with exfoliation. A stronger 10% formula is also available.

Tasmanian pepper, studied to help reduce irritation associated with acid use, is of plant origin and its colour varies with the seasons. This colour variation may be apparent in the formula from time to time.

The pH of this formula is about 3.8. Lactic acid has a pKa of 3.8 and the pKa is the most important aspect to consider when formulating with acids. The pKa implies the availability of the acid. When the pKa is close to the pH, there is an ideal balance between salt and acidity, which maximizes the effectiveness of the acid and reduces irritation. A higher pH in this case would increase the salt, which would counter-intuitively make the formula even more irritating than if the formula were more acidic.

This pH-balanced treatment reveals a more luminous and revitalized complexion and visibly reduces the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and depigmentation. It also leaves an even complexion and a refined skin texture. 

Alcohol-free, silicone free, nut-free, vegan, not tested on animals.